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}} Jack Daniel's is a brand of Tennessee whiskey and the top selling American whiskey in the world.〔Hughes, T.,(World's best-selling spirits revealed (and the winner is very unexpected) ), ''The Daily Mail'', June 6, 2012.〕 It is produced in Lynchburg, Tennessee, by the Jack Daniel Distillery, which has been owned by the Brown-Forman Corporation since 1956. Despite being the location of a major operational distillery, Jack Daniel's home county of Moore is a dry county, so the product is not available for consumption at stores or restaurants within the county.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.state.tn.us/abc/PDF/TennesseeJurisdictionsAllowingLiquorSales/TNJurisdictionsLiquorSales_9-26-13.pdf )〕 The product meets the regulatory criteria for classification as a straight bourbon, though the company disavows this classification and markets it simply as Tennessee whiskey rather than as Tennessee bourbon.〔Cowdery, Charles K., (Favorite whiskey myths debunked ), ''The Chuck Cowdery Blog'', December 16, 2009. (Accessed January 2011.)〕〔Cowdery, Charles K., (Tennessee Whiskey Versus Bourbon Whiskey ), ''The Chuck Cowdery Blog'', February 21, 2009. (Accessed January 2011.)〕 As defined in the North American Free Trade Agreement, Tennessee Whiskey is classified as a straight bourbon authorized to be produced in the state of Tennessee.〔North American Free Trade Agreement (Chapter Three: National Treatment and Market Access for Goods ), ''NAFTA'', January 1, 1994.〕 Packaged in distinctive square bottles, a total of 11 million cases of the flagship "Black Label" product were sold in the company's fiscal year ended April 30, 2013. ==Early history== The Jack Daniel's website suggests its founder, Jasper Newton "Jack" Daniel, was born in 1850 (and his tombstone bears that date〔), but says his exact birth date is unknown.〔 The website states it is customary to celebrate his birthday in September.〔("People" section of Jack Daniel's website ). Retrieved: March 20, 2014.〕 The Tennessee state library website says that records list his birth date as September 5, 1846,〔 and in the 2004 biography ''Blood & Whiskey: The Life and Times of Jack Daniel'', author Peter Krass says he was born in January 1849 (based on Jack's sister's diary, census records and the date of death of Jack's mother).〔(Book Discussion: ''Blood & Whiskey: The Life and Times of Jack Daniel'' ), C-SPAN.〕 Jack was one of 13 children fathered by Calaway Daniel and was the youngest of his mother's 10 children.〔 According to the Tennessee state library, Jack's mother, Lucinda Cook Daniel, died in 1847〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tennessee Myths and Legends )〕 (making an 1850 birth date impossible). After Jack's mother died, his father remarried and had several more children. Jack Daniel's grandfather, Joseph "Job" Daniel, emigrated from Wales along with his Scottish wife, Elizabeth Calaway, to the United States.〔Jeanne Ridgway Bigger, "Jack Daniel's Distillery and Lynchburg: A Visit to Moore County, Tennessee", ''Tennessee Historical Quarterly'', Vol. 31, No. 1 (Spring 1972), pp. 3-21.〕 He was of Welsh, Scottish, English, and Scots-Irish descent.〔(Jasper "Jack" Newton Daniel ).〕 Jack's father died in the Civil War, and he despised his step-mother, and as a result he ran away from home and was essentially orphaned at a young age.〔〔 Jack was taken in by a local lay preacher and moonshine distiller named Dan Call and began learning the distilling trade as a teenager from Call and Call's slave Nearest Green, who stayed on with Call after his emancipation.〔 In 1875, on receiving an inheritance from his father's estate (following a long dispute with his siblings), Daniel founded a legally registered distilling business with Call. He took over the distillery shortly afterward when Call quit for religious reasons.〔〔 The brand label on the product says "Est. & Reg. in 1866", but his biographer has cited official registration documents to assert that the business was not established until 1875.〔〔 (page 7 saying "after he was born in 1849", and page 19 saying "By the time Jack was born in January 1849, ...")〕 After taking over the distillery, in 1884 Daniel purchased the hollow and land where the distillery is now located.〔〔 By the 1880s, Jack Daniel's was one of 15 distilleries operating in Moore County, and the second-most productive behind Tom Eaton's Distillery.〔Carroll Van West, Megan Dobbs, and Brian Eades, (National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form for Lynchburg Historic District ), Southern Places Database (MTSU Center for Historic Preservation), 1995.〕 He began using square-shaped bottles in 1897, with the square shape of the bottle intended to convey a sense of fairness and integrity.〔〔 According to Daniel's biographer, the origin of the "Old No. 7" brand name was the number assigned to Daniel's distillery for government registration.〔〔 He was forced to change the registration number when the federal government redrew the district and he became Number 16 in district 5 instead of No. 7 in district 4. However, he continued to use his original number as a brand name, since his brand reputation already had been established.〔〔 Jack Daniel's experienced a surge in popularity after the whiskey received the gold medal for the finest whiskey at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair, although his local reputation was suffering as the temperance movement was gaining strength.〔〔〔 Jack Daniel never married and did not have any children. However, he took his nephews under his wing – one of whom was Lemuel "Lem" Motlow (1869–1947).〔〔 Lem, a son of Jack's sister, Finetta,〔 was skilled with numbers and was soon doing all of the distillery's bookkeeping. In 1907, due to failing health, Jack Daniel gave the distillery to two of his nephews.〔〔 Motlow soon bought out the other nephew and went on to operate the distillery for about 40 years. Tennessee passed a statewide prohibition law in 1910, effectively barring the legal distillation of Jack Daniel's within the state. Motlow challenged the law in a test case that eventually worked its way to the Tennessee Supreme Court. The court upheld the law as constitutional, however.〔''(Motlow v. State )'', ''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of Tennessee'', Vol. 125 (1912), pp. 557-594.〕〔"(Can't Make Whiskey There )", ''The New York Sun'', March 17, 1912, p. 1.〕 Jack died in 1911 from blood poisoning. An oft-told tale is that the infection began in one of his toes, which Daniel injured one early morning at work by kicking his safe in anger when he could not get it open (he was said to always have had trouble remembering the combination).〔Freeth, N. (2005). Made in America: from Levis to Barbie to Google. St. Paul, MN: MBI.〕 However, Daniel's modern biographer has asserted that the story is not true.〔〔 Because of the prohibition in Tennessee, the company began distilling operations in St Louis, Missouri, and Birmingham, Alabama, though none of the production from these locations was ever sold due to quality problems.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jack Daniel Distillery )〕 The Alabama operation was halted following a similar statewide prohibition law in that state, and the St. Louis operation was halted by the onset of nationwide prohibition following passage of the Eighteenth Amendment in 1920. While the passage Twenty-first Amendment in 1933 repealed prohibition at the federal level, state prohibition laws (including Tennessee's) remained in effect, thus preventing the Lynchburg distillery from reopening. Motlow, who had become a Tennessee state senator, led efforts to repeal these laws, allowing production to restart in 1938. The five-year gap between national repeal and Tennessee repeal was commemorated in 2008 with a gift pack of two bottles, one for the 75th anniversary of the end of prohibition and a second commemorating the 70th anniversary of the reopening of the distillery. The Jack Daniel's distillery ceased operations from 1942 to 1946 when the U.S. government banned the manufacture of whiskey due to World War II. Motlow resumed production of Jack Daniel's in 1947 after good-quality corn was again available.〔 Motlow died the same year. He bequeathed the distillery to his children, Robert, Reagor, Dan, Conner and Mary, upon his death.〔(Lem Motlow ), Jack Daniel's website. Retrieved: March 20, 2014.〕 The company was later incorporated as "Jack Daniel Distillery, Lem Motlow, Prop., Inc." This has allowed the company to continue to include Lem Motlow, who died in 1947, in its marketing, since mentioning him in the advertising is technically just citing the full corporate name. Likewise, the advertisements continue to use Lynchburg's 1960s-era population figure of 361, though the city has since formed a consolidated city-county government with Moore County, and its official population had thus grown to over 6,000 by the 2010 census. The company was sold to the Brown-Forman Corporation in 1956.〔 The Jack Daniel's Distillery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. In 2012, a Welshman, Mark Evans, claimed to have discovered the original recipe for Daniel's whiskey,〔(Welshman claims to have found original Jack Daniel's whiskey recipe (The Guardian) )〕 in a book written in 1853 by his great-great-grandmother, whose brother-in-law emigrated to Tennessee. Moore County, where the Jack Daniel's distillery is located, is one of the state's many dry counties. Therefore, while it is legal to distill the product within the county, it is illegal to purchase it there. However, a state law has provided one exception: a distillery may sell one commemorative product, regardless of county statutes.〔The Tennessee General Assembly passed a 1994 special act for selling commemorative decanters containing Jack Daniel's Tennessee Whiskey on January 2, 1995.〕 Jack Daniel's now sells Gentleman Jack, Jack Daniel's Single Barrel, the original No. 7 blend (in a commemorative bottle), and a seasonal blend (on rotation) at the distillery's White Rabbit Bottle Shop. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jack Daniel's」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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